The role of spatial effects in the empirical analysis of regional concentration   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Giuseppe Arbia 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2001,3(3):271-281

 Economists have recently devoted an increasing attention to the issue of spatial concentration of economic activities. However, surprisingly enough, most of the empirical work is still based on the computation of very basic statistical measures in which the geographical characteristics of data play no role. By making use of a series of empirical examples we show that spatial concentration consists of two different features that are rarely kept as separate in the statistical analysis: an a-spatial concept of variability which is invariant to permutations, and the concept of polarization that refers to the geographical position of observations. Received: 8 August 2000 / Accepted: 20 June 2001  相似文献   

SURFACE OZONE CHARACTERISTICS AT THREE STATIONS IN GAW OF WMO IN CHINA     

丁国安  徐晓斌  罗超  汤洁  向荣彪  颜鹏  李兴生 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,(1)

The characteristics of surface O_3 on clear days at Waliguan Observatory,Lin'an regionalstation and Longfengshan regional station in China were analyzed in this paper.The three stationsbelong to Global Atmospheric Watch(GAW)of WMO.There was obvious daily variation on cleardays at Lin'an.with maximum(42.9 ppb)and minimum(20.3 ppb)of daily range appearing inspring and summer.respectively.The daily variation was more regular at Lonfengshan than atLin'an.The maximum(about 27 ppb)appeared in autumn at Longfengshan.There was noobvious daily variation and also daily range was smaller in other seasons except weaker dailyvariation in summer at Waliguan.But the surface O_3 concentration(SOC)in summer was higherthan that in winter at Waliguan.The SOC on clear days of summer at Waliguan was over 20 ppbhigher than at Longfengshan and Lin'an.The global radiation and NO_x concentration were themain factors which control the SOC on clear days at Longfengshan and Lin'an.and playedimportant role in different seasons and areas.The transportation of air flow around the area ofQinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau was the main cause for high SOC and weak daily variation insummer at Waliguan.The similar effect of transportation was obtained at the Mauna LoaObservatory.The distribution characteristics of SOC increasing with height in the tropospheredetermined the difference of SOC between East China and West China.  相似文献   

MODELING OF THE HIGH CONCENTRATION LAYER OF COHESIVE SEDIMENT UNDER THE ACTION OF WAVES AND CURRENTS     

Qinghe ZHANG Yongsheng WU  Jijian LIANand Pingxing DING School of Civil Engineering  Tianjin University  Tianjin  China Dept. Hydraulic Engineering  Tsinghua University  Beijing  China State Key Lab. of Estuarine  Co 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(2)

MODELING OF THE HIGH CONCENTRATION LAYEROF COIIESIVE SEDMNT UNDER Tus ACTIONOF WAVES AND CURRENTSQinghe ZHANG', Yongsheng WU', Jiian LIAN1 and Pingxing DING3Abstract:High concenhation layer of cohesive sediment frequenhy occurs in muddy estUaries and coastalzones, and causes raPid siltation of the waterways. A one dimensional vertical coupled modeldescribing the interactions betWeen waves, currentS and suspended cohesive sediment is develoPed inthe pre…  相似文献   

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLE CONCENTRATION     

Guangqian WANGand Xudong FU Key Lab for Water  Sediment Science of Education Ministry  Tsinghua University  Beijing  China. 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(2)

1 wrRonvCTIoxIn steady solid-liquid tuIbulen flows, tWo twcal pattems of particle concentration distribuhon, namelypattem I and pattem II, have been found by man investigatOI'S (e.g. Bouvard & Petkovic l985, Wang &Ni l990), as shown in Fig.l. Genend sPeaking, pattem II is conunn, and most inveshgators fOcused theirefforts on this pattem. Vedous theories such as the diffesion theory, the ndxtUre theory, the enery theory,the sindlarity theory and the stochashc theory among others have co…  相似文献   

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF VARIATION OF SO_2 AND AEROSOL PARTICLE BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS IN THE EASTERN CHINA          下载免费PDF全文

罗超  丁国安  杨东贞  汤杰  周秀骥 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,(3)

The average concentrations of sulphur dioxide,sulfate aerosol and TSP were about 8—10 ppb,15.08 μg m~(-3),and241.40 μg m~(-3) respectively,which were measured at the Lin'an regional background station during August—November,1991.The higher concentrations of SO_2 and SO_4~(2-) maybe acidify the rainfall.It has a great influence uponthe human health and ecosystem.The simulated results indicate that the distributions of SO_2 and SO_4~(2-) were deter-mined by local emission sources.Average aerosol particle number density was 2.0×10~4 cm~(-3).It shows that social devel-opment and human activities strongly affect the atmospheric background level.  相似文献   

大气中CO₂浓度的全球监测现状   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王庚辰 《地球科学进展》1994,9(4):70-77

较系统地介绍了大气中ＣＯ＿２浓度（主要是ＣＯ＿２大气背景浓度）的全球监测进展现状。重点阐述了ＣＯ＿２浓度的全球监测网、监测方法、ＣＯ＿２同位素监测、监测质量控制以及ＣＯ＿２监测资料管理等问题的进展状况，分析讨论了当前ＣＯ＿２浓度全球监测中存在的问题和发展前景。  相似文献   

熔融法六钛酸钾合成机理研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黄继芬  金作美 《盐湖研究》1994,2(1):67-73

本文合成了结晶二钛酸钾纤维．根据化学定量分析、Ｘ—ｒａｙ衍射分析、ＤＴＡ差示热分析等，得到了熔融法六钛酸钾纤维的合成机理．  相似文献   

中国东部石灰岩土壤元素含量分异规律研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

温琰茂  曾水泉 《地理科学》1994,14(1):16-21

  相似文献   

中国北方典型地区不同类型云微物理特征分析     

吕玉环  雷恒池  魏蕾 《气象科技》2021,49(3):455-463

对2009—2011年内蒙古通辽地区41架次穿云飞行探测结果进行统计分析,探讨中国北方典型地区的各类型云的微观特征。结果表明:该地区不同云型的平均云滴粒子数浓度Nc按大小排序为:层积云Sc积云Cu高层云As雨层云Ns高积云Ac。降水性云(Ns,As和Sc)的Nc值一般跨度范围较大,且累计概率的减小幅度较为平缓。降水性云(Sc,Ns和As)的平均液态含水量LWC比非降水云(Ac和Cu)要大,As和Ns的LWC多介于0.01～0.3g·m~(-3)之间。不同云型的平均直径Dm特征与有效直径De类似,有较大Nc的云类,一般云滴尺度小,平均De的大小顺序是NsAsAcCuSc。高云和中云(Ac,As和Ns)的De和Dm普遍比低云(Sc和Cu)大,降水性云中与非降水性云中相比具有较多的大云滴。此外,各类云滴谱的相对离散度在Nc较小时分布较为分散,随着Nc的增加,相对离散度收敛到0.3～0.6,最终各类云相对离散度都收敛到0.4附近。  相似文献   

秋冬季节珠三角典型区域气溶胶浓度垂直分布的激光雷达反演     

吴仪  邓孺孺  秦雁  王春梅  梁业恒  熊龙海 《遥感学报》2020,24(3):302-318

气溶胶与全球热辐射平衡、水循环、人类健康密不可分,其观测精度直接影响天气预测、气候建模以及对人类健康影响评估的精度,激光雷达能监测气溶胶的垂直分布,对污染气溶胶的扩散趋势、污染源反演、气候预测等均有重要意义。本文基于激光在大气中的辐射传输过程,根据米散射激光雷达的工作原理,使用雷达的多个系统参数计算雷达常数,建立激光雷达气溶胶质量浓度反演模型,从地面向上在晴空条件下进行了珠三角地区典型区域的秋冬季节气溶胶垂直观测的实验,计算气溶胶质量浓度的垂直廓线,反演气溶胶的垂直分布情况。验证与分析结果表明:(1)激光雷达反演结果显示,白天的反演结果中噪声大大减少,表明反演算法能够有效减弱太阳光的影响。(2)相比于传统方法,使用雷达常数而非边界值的反演结果波动较小,更符合实际,能够有效避免高空噪声的影响。(3)高层大气在晴朗静稳天气状况下较为干净,气溶胶基本分布在低空区域,质量浓度随高度基本呈负指数分布。  相似文献